Who Actually Controls Canada's Airspace?
NavCanada is a private corporation that manages air traffic control across Canada. But who decides what's best for our communities? The answer might surprise you.
The Facts About NavCanada
It Is a Private Company
NavCanada was created in 1995/1996 by an Act of the Federal Government. The Federal Government then sold all related publicly-owned air traffic control infrastructure to NavCanada for $1.5 billion.
Unlike public utilities, there's no obligation to balance public interest with industry profit.
Only 3 Unelected Government Board Members
Of the 15 board seats available:
- 5 are elected by Commercial Airlines and Business
- 2 are elected by Employee Unions of the aviation industry
- 4 are elected by the board itself
- Only 3 are government nominees (unelected officials)
- 1 is the CEO's seat
It Is NOT an Impartial Organization
With the majority of board members focused on aviation industry benefit, NavCanada is not an impartial organization considering the total 'costs' to society.
It is narrowly focused on industry objectives of increasing capacity and efficiency for airlines only—not on impacts to residential communities.
Other Countries Don't Do It This Way
While privatization has had cost and efficiency benefits, other countries have maintained government ownership and oversight of their privatized companies while Canada has not.
The U.S. has debated this structure for 20 years, with opponents arguing that an industry-owned structure like Canada's is like having the fox guard the hen house.
They Are Paid by the Airlines
The vast majority of NavCanada's income comes from commercial airlines and cargo operators, with small fees also charged to independent pilots.
This creates a fundamental conflict of interest: NavCanada's revenue depends on pleasing the airlines, not on protecting residential communities.
The Conflict of Interest
NavCanada brought hundreds of daily flights over residential neighborhoods in the name of "efficiency." But efficiency for whom?
The airlines benefit from shorter flight paths and faster movements. The communities impacted by increased noise, pollution, and health impacts now bear the costs. Yet the board that made these decisions is controlled by the very airlines that benefit.
This is a textbook example of regulatory capture: the industry being regulated controls the regulator.
WHY THIS STRUCTURE MATTERS
The Federal Government sold all public air traffic control infrastructure to NavCanada for $1.5 billion in 1996 under the Civil Air Navigation Services Commercialization Act (CANSCA, S.C. 1996, c. 20). The public lost oversight. The airlines gained control.
Source: CANSCA (Justice Laws Canada)Under CANSCA, NavCanada has a 15-member board: 4 elected by commercial airlines, 1 by business/general aviation, 2 by bargaining agents (employee unions), 3 government nominees, 4 elected by the board itself (independent), plus the CEO. Communities have no reserved seat.
Source: NavCanada Corporate GovernanceNavCanada's revenue comes from commercial aviation customer charges. There is no community advisory board, no resident representation on the board, and under CANSCA the only required consultation is with industry associations — not with the residents under flight paths.
Source: NavCanada Annual ReportEvery fact on this page, cited
- NavCanada created in 1996 by Act of Parliament: Civil Air Navigation Services Commercialization Act, S.C. 1996, c. 20. Read the Act
- $1.5 billion purchase price for public ATC infrastructure: Historical record; transaction completed 1 November 1996 under CANSCA.
- Board structure (15 seats, industry / union / government composition): NavCanada Corporate Governance page. NavCanada governance
- Revenue from airline customer charges: NavCanada Annual Report 2024. Annual Report 2024
- U.S. debate over similar industry-owned ATC structure: Congressional Research Service reports on FAA ATC reform. CRS R44501
- Vancouver Airspace Modernization implementation: NavCanada VAMP consultation report (2025). VAMP Report (PDF)